Many of us assume we would know what to do in an emergency. But when the unexpected happens, our brains kick into survival mode, making it hard to think and focus.
That’s why having an emergency plan is so important. It’s a resource you can refer to when stress takes over.
How do you make an emergency plan? Henry Ford Health emergency medicine physician Andrew Park, M.D., shares his advice as an emergency room physician (and former Eagle Scout).
1. Know the Possible Emergencies in Your Area
We see emergencies across the country and the world on TV and social media, and it can feel overwhelming. How can you prepare for so many different scenarios? Luckily, you don’t have to.
“Not every emergency will affect you,” says Dr. Park. “For example, hurricanes don’t currently affect people in Michigan, but tornadoes do. Nearly everyone could be affected by a power outage. Narrow your list down to things that are more likely to occur in your region.”
You also need to know how you will get time-sensitive warnings about emergencies. “Emergency alerts go to mobile devices, televisions and radios,” says Dr. Park. “Depending on the emergency, you may hear a siren outside or see information on a digital billboard.”
You can also get free apps from the Federal Emergency Management Authority (FEMA) and the American Red Cross. “These apps provide emergency alerts and information about resources during a disaster,” says Dr. Park.
2. Decide on a Shelter and Meet-up Location
When an emergency happens, the first thing you probably worry about is your family. Where are they, and are they safe? Having a meet-up place is one way to alleviate that stress—and this place may be different for each type of emergency.
“A basement or storm shelter is appropriate for a tornado, but it won’t work for other emergencies like a house fire,” explains Dr. Park. “Discuss safe locations where your family members can meet when you need to get out of your house. A trusted neighbor’s house or a community center may be good options.”
Establish a meet-up location when you’re traveling, too. Spend some time looking for a safe place near your hotel, and talk with the rest of your party about it.
3. Know How to Shut Off Utilities
Knowing how to turn off your gas, electricity and water supply to your home is an often-overlooked part of emergency preparedness. “You can minimize damage from burst water pipes, gas leaks or electrical problems if you know how to turn off your utilities,” says Dr. Park. “Write down detailed instructions on how to turn each one off, using photos or diagrams when needed.”
4. Keep Paper Copies
Once you’ve discussed your emergency plans, write them down on paper. “We are so used to using our phones for everything, but what if the network is down?” says Dr. Park. “Having that hard copy could be critically important when your cell phone isn’t working.”
Have a card in your wallet (and kids’ school bags) with emergency contacts and phone numbers. Take this card with you everywhere.
In addition, keep a packet of papers inside your home that includes:
- Emergency contact names and phone numbers
- Address or directions to your emergency meet-up locations
- Medical conditions for family members, such as asthma or severe allergies
- Names and doses of medications you and your family members take
- Utility shut-off directions
5. Learn CPR
Cardiac arrest is one of the most common medical emergencies: And the best way to help someone survive this event is through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
“Nearly 350,000 people in the U.S. die from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest each year,” says Dr. Park. “Performing CPR can save someone’s life, but many people are hesitant to do it. Don’t worry about giving mouth-to-mouth—chest compressions are enough until emergency personnel arrive.”
You can learn CPR through an accredited class. The American Red Cross and American Heart Association offer classes in many areas.
Also consider learning how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). “Many public places have AEDs available, and the device will walk you through each step,” says Dr. Park. “If possible, have someone start chest compressions while another person gets the AED ready.”
6. Make an Emergency Kit
A basic emergency kit can help you get through an emergency, and should include:
- Battery-powered or hand-crank radio
- Cash
- Electrolyte drinks or powders for dehydration
- First-aid supplies, such as antibiotic ointment, bandages, hand sanitizer and tweezers
- Flashlights and extra batteries
- Multitool
- Non-perishable foods (if using canned foods, have a can opener in your kit)
- One gallon of water per person per day (enough for at least three days if possible)
- Whistle
Take a smaller, portable kit with you when you’re traveling or going on day trips. “Keep an emergency travel kit in your car that includes items like water, basic first-aid essentials and important medications,” says Dr. Park.
Preparation and Practice Are Key
No one wants to think about facing an emergency, but it’s a necessary part of preparing. But don’t just have a plan—practice it with your loved ones.
“Run through your emergency plan with the other members of your household,” says Dr. Park. “Walk to your meet-up location and practice shutting off utilities. Go through your emergency kit and make sure everything is up to date. Physically going through the motions puts these ideas into prepared practice.”
Finally, don’t hesitate to call 911 if your health or safety is at risk. “It’s always better to play it safe and call emergency services if you think you might need help,” says Dr. Park. “Don’t try to handle it on your own.”
Reviewed by Andrew Park, M.D., an emergency medicine and ultrasound faculty physician at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.
