There’s nothing quite like the burn of a blister to stop you in your tracks. These squishy sores can be small, large and anywhere in between. But no matter their size or location, they almost always hurt—a lot.
You might think blisters only show up when you break in a new pair of sandals. But there are several causes of blisters that might surprise you. Rena Daiza, M.D., a family medicine physician at Henry Ford Health, explains why blisters happen and how to get relief.
What Causes Blisters?
A blister is a sign that your skin is trying to defend itself. “Your skin has built-in defenses that protect it after an injury,” says Dr. Daiza. “If something causes irritation or damage, your skin sends fluid to that area. The fluid forms a bubble under the top layer of skin to cushion deeper layers from further damage."
What would trigger your skin to form a blister? Common causes include:
- Friction: Any repeated rubbing of your skin can cause a blister. “Shoes are the most common cause of blisters,” says Dr. Daiza. “You might also get blisters on your hands if you hold an object or tool for long periods, like a shovel or a lawn mower. Blisters may also appear where you experience chafing, such as your thighs or under your arms.”
- Burns: Second-degree burns, which affect the first and second layers of the skin, often cause blisters. “You can get second-degree burns from everyday accidents like scalding liquids, a hot oven or even a sunburn,” Dr. Daiza says.
- Chemicals: Harsh chemicals like cleaning products, acids, pesticides or corrosive substances can damage your skin and cause blistering. “Chemical burns happen when a substance damages your deeper layers of skin,” says Dr. Daiza. “Your skin might also be dry, red, irritated, cracked or swollen.”
- Cold: Cold can be as damaging to the skin as a burn. “Severe frostbite can cause blistering of the skin and permanent skin damage,” says Dr. Daiza. If you’ve been out in the cold and your skin is blistering, don’t wait—get immediate medical care.
- Irritants: If you come into contact with an allergen, your skin may respond with a blister. “Certain fragrances or products like laundry detergents can cause blistering if your skin is sensitive to them,” explains Dr. Daiza. “Poison ivy or poison oak also cause blisters in many people.”
Home Remedies For Blisters
Knowing the cause of the blister is the first step. Get medical care right away if you have severe blisters from burns, chemicals or frostbite.
If the blister is from friction or irritation and not severe, you can usually treat it at home with:
- Blister pads: Cushiony bandages cover blisters as they heal and prevent more friction.
- Cold pack: “Cold packs are helpful for minor burns and friction blisters,” says Dr. Daiza. Choose a soft cold pack and apply a few times a day. Don’t apply ice directly to the skin, though, because the excess cold can cause more damage.
- Skin soothers: Aloe vera gel and diaper rash cream can soothe sore skin and may work on blisters, too. “As long as the blister is intact, you can apply a product you might use on a sunburn or rash,” says Dr. Daiza.
Can I pop a blister?
It’s tempting to take a needle to that blister, but resist the urge. “Unpopped blisters are closed wounds, so germs can’t get inside,” Dr. Daiza says. “When you break a blister, you create an open wound that can let dirt or germs in and cause an infection.”
Caring for a popped blister
Sometimes, despite your best efforts to avoid it, the blister tears or pops open. If this happens:
- Clean: Gently wash the area with water and a mild soap.
- Treat: Apply an antibiotic ointment to help prevent an infection.
- Cover: Place a bandage over the area to protect it from germs and further damage.
- Dry: Change the bandage any time it gets dirty or wet and at least once a day.
- Watch: If you notice redness, swelling, increased pain or pus, see your provider. These could be signs of a skin infection, which requires medical care.
Your Provider Is Here To Help
Blisters and skin injuries can range from mild to severe. If you’re not sure whether you need medical care, don’t hesitate to call your provider.
“Blisters and other skin issues can be painful, and sometimes you just need reassurance that it’s nothing serious,” says Dr. Daiza. “Remember that your primary care provider is here to help. Don’t hesitate to bring up any concerns you have about your health.”
Reviewed by Dr. Rena Daiza, a family medicine physician who sees patients at Henry Ford Health in Bloomfield Township.
